Cornwall
Work on the Cornish coast has taking place at Penhale Dunes SAC, and between St Gothian Sands and Mexico Towans, an area locally known as ‘The Towans’ (towans is the Cornish word for sand dunes). Learn more about what has happened across both areas below.
Our work on the North Cornish coast was led by Cornwall Wildlife Trust, and took place at two of Cornwall’s largest sand dune systems; Penhale Dunes (near Perranporth) and ‘The Towans’ (near Hayle).
Penhale Dunes
You can’t miss these eye-catching dunes, standing around 90 metres above sea level, they’re pretty tall for a dune system. On the north coast of Cornwall near the town of Perranporth, Penhale Dunes are part of the Cornish Killas National Character Area and a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The wide and sandy, three kilometre-long Perran beach in front provides sand for the dune system, which is blown up into the dunes by the wind.
The Penhale Dunes are believed to be pretty old – we’ve got images of them which date back to medieval times. Over time, they’ve become a stable, mature dune system dominated by plant communities which have fixed the sand, with very little bare or mobile sand. With this increase in vegetation, the sandy soil covering the mature dunes is becoming richer with nutrients and more able to retain moisture, encouraging more plant growth and less sand movement.
Our conservation works at Penhale have been designed to prioritise early dune succession stages – encouraging more bare sand and rejuvenating mobile, yellow dunes. By working with the military and removing some areas of vegetation, more bare sand is free to be blown through the system, building up the dunes and creating more habitat for the area’s bare sand-loving wildlife. The dune slacks here also support a huge amount of biodiversity, so we’ve also ensured the damp areas in between the dunes are in the best condition for the invertebrates and rare plants which thrive in them.
The Towans
Here, magnificent dunes back a long and wide sandy beach, which stretches for five kilometres all the way to the estuary of the River Hayle. The strong onshore winds that make this area popular with surfers have built the dunes into high ridges, behind which you’ll find dune grassland habitats home to lots of wildlife, including the silver studded blue butterfly. One fifth of all plant species recorded in Cornwall have been found here!
The sand dunes of the Towans are becoming more stabilised. Our work has included removing some areas of scrub, so that some of the wildlife that needs bare sand will have a much bigger area in which they can thrive. Invasive species – plants which don’t usually grow in dunes – are also a problem, as they take over the landscape and prevent the growth of dune-specialist species. Ponies here help us to manage this habitat, munching plants to create space for the specialist species. We’ve also been restoring some of the wet dune slacks which are important habitats for invertebrates and amphibians.
Visitors to The Towans can also enjoy glimpses into the area’s rich archaeological, industrial and military past. Remains of old sand bunkers which once stored dynamite, a railway platform and even parts of an old tin mine pulley system offer fascinating reminders of the site’s importance throughout Cornwall’s history. No longer used for mining or as an explosives factory, the priority now is protecting the wildlife of the dunes and restoring the ecosystem back to a healthy condition…while preserving its unique archaeological heritage!
Achievements at a glance
The team in Cornwall have achieved a lot over the course of the project! You can find out more about these and the project's wider achievements in our Summary Report.
14.54ha of sand dune rejuvenation
2.43ha of wetland rejuvenation
152 events held
10,033 people engaged
Wildlife you might see in Cornwall
Look closely and you may be able to find some pretty rare and unusual species of plant at Penhale Dunes and The Towans, including petalwort, early gentian and shore dock.
Penhale is also home to the nationally rare scrambled egg lichen which occurs on the open short grasslands, often in areas where rabbits graze or trampling has kept vegetation low.
You might also spot some reptiles as you explore the Cornish coast, including adders, grass snakes, common lizards and slow worms.
There are plenty of birds in the skies above the Cornish coast, but here you should keep your eyes peeled for skylarks and the Cornish chough, which was severely threatened in the 1900s and disappeared from Cornwall in 1976, but returned naturally in 2001.
In terms of invertebrates, this dune system supports the spider-hunting wasp, the ruddy darter dragonfly and also the very pretty silver-studded blue butterfly.
Download our Dune Invertebrates Leaflet
Areas of bare sand in dune systems are incredibly important for the many invertebrates that have evolved to make use of this habitat. The combination of open sand, wildflower and nectar-rich areas and long marram grass, all within the same vicinity, can be vital for their breeding success.
Beautifully created and illustrated by Pip Cook, Dynamic Dunescapes Apprentice with Cornwall Wildlife Trust, this short PDF document contains an introduction to some of the invertebrate species - from the minotaur beetle and the dune-robber fly, to the red-banded sand wasp and the grizzled skipper butterfly - that live and rely on healthy dune habitats.
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